生物化学教学课件：enzyme.pptVIP

Here is an examplified active site of the PTPs. The catalytic important cys and Arg localized at two ends of the P-loop. All main chain amides of P-loop points outside and provide high affinity for phospho-substrate binding. Once the substrate binds to the active site, phosphate on the substrate will form extensive hydrogen bond network with the main chain amide of the P-loop and two strong hydrogen bond with the guanine group of the Arg. Then the active site Cys acts as a nucleophile and attacks the phosphate of the phosphotyrosyl substrate directly, forming a covalent intermediate. The negative charge that develops on the leaving group is neutralized by a general acid, which is an Asp residing in another loop, called WPD loop. Together with another conserved residue Arg in the signature motif C(X)5R, the general acid also helps to stabilize the transition state. After the substrate leaves, the breakdown of phopho-Cys intermediate is facilitated by a water molecule to generate inorganic phosphate and regenerate the active enzyme. A conserved Ser/Thr residue after the signature motif C(X)5R helps this process by donating an H to the Sγ of catalytic Cys. Then the regenerated active enzyme is ready to perform another cycle of catalysis. 什么事酶促反应动力学？ 研究酶促反应速率及其各种影响因素。 生成产物的速率 * * 什么叫矩形双曲线呢？ * 考虑加迪东的一张幻灯片。 * 考虑加一个例子（ＰＴＰ１Ｂ） * 蛋白质可以发生结构改变，称为变构。 * 矩形双曲线 * * * 因为许多酶合成以后呢，需要运输。 * 在胰腺合成，工作在肠道，尤其是小肠。必需集团进行重排，胰蛋白酶一旦产生第一个，就可以自激活，自己对其他相同分子进行自切割。 * 避免胰蛋白酶对胰腺自身进行消化。（可考虑加Pro-caspase-3) * 溶菌酶体：外来蛋白和已经到半衰期的蛋白，被动降解体系；蛋白酶体，主动降解，没到半衰期的蛋白，需要降解，泛素标记。 * 概念：生物体内的催化剂，它的本质是蛋白质,功能是催化。体内的生命活动由很多化学活动组成。体内没有酶这种催化剂，这些反应没有办法有效地发生。成千上万倍。生物体内，最常见的就是糖的转化。一袋子糖几年，体内几秒钟。最早的酶发现是蛋白质， Catalysts can also slow the reaction.1）与医学相关； 2）与生产相关。 * Here is an examplified active site of the PTPs. The catalytic important cys and Arg localized at two ends of the P-loop. All main chain amides of P-loop points outside and provide high affinity for phospho-substrate binding. Once the substrate binds to the active si