肿瘤学课件 化疗.pptVIP

Chemotherapy 化疗 Chemotherapy- Uses 化疗的使用 Measurable tumors with known sensitivity to chemotherapy 测试肿瘤对化疗的敏感性 Palliation for tumors that have metastasized 减轻对已转移肿瘤的痛苦 Reduce signs,delay tumor progression, prolong life 缓解症状，延缓肿瘤发展进程，延长生命 Adjuvant to surgery or radiation 手术或放射疗法的辅助治疗 To eradicate or delay progression of micrometastasis 根除或延缓残留肿瘤的微小转移 Sensitize tissues to radiation therapy 使组织对放疗敏感 3 Fundamental Considerations 基本原理的考虑 Rational合理性 dependent on precedent data for that drug in that tumor type in that species of animal (humans) 依靠该药物使用的先例来判断数据 Affordable 可供应性 Quality of life 生活质量 Special Considerations 特别考虑 Extralable use of human drugs人用药的标签外使用 Informed consent 广泛的支持 Hazards of handling--carcinogenic 处理致癌物质的危险 Hospital procedures 医院流程 Infusion protocols 灌输流程 Side effects 副作用 Shelf life of products产品的保质期 Costs 费用 Side Effects 副作用 Most antineoplastic agents interfere with the function of cells that are actively dividing 要积极地区分大多数抗肿瘤药物对细胞功能的影响 Cancer cells 癌细胞 Normal cells 正常细胞 GI tract 胃肠道 hemopoietic system 造血系统 Integument 被毛 Reproductive tract- sterility 生殖道－不育 Side Effects-GI Tract 副作用－胃肠道 Anorexia 食欲减退 Vomiting 呕吐 Diarrhea 腹泻 Hemopoietic System 造血系统 Neutropenia 中性粒细胞减少症 Thrombocytopenia 血小板减少症 Anemia 贫血 Severe neutropenia and immunosuppression can result in bacterial invasion of the blood stream or sepsis, resulting in fever, gastrointestinal signs, depression and eventually shock. 重症中性粒细胞减少症和免疫抑制可导致菌血症和脓毒血症，伴有高烧，胃肠道症状，精神沉郁，最终休克 Side Effects- Integument副作用－被毛 Damage to dividing hair follicle cells 损害毛囊细胞 Thin hair coat 被毛稀疏 Altered coat color 毛发颜色改变 Alkylating Agents 烷基化物 Substitute alkyl groups for hydrogen ions 氢离子由烷基取代 Cause breaks in DNA and cross-links- inter and intrastrand cross links DNA链破坏，使其内部横向交链 Interstrand cross links induce mutations, chromosome rearrangements and cell death 横向交链导致突变，色体重组，细胞死亡 Cell cycle phase non-specific 细胞循环 Antineoplastic and immunosuppressive 抗肿瘤免疫抑制剂 Carcinogens 致癌物