二战后的英国经济文章.docx

战 后 的 英 国 经 济 旅英二班 程潘 10080402049 二战后的英国经济 The British Economy After World War II 英国曾是世界发展的领头羊。但是 20 世纪后，英国却失去了昔日的光辉。 二战后， 英国的经济受到严重创伤。 在那时， 英国依赖美国的援助来恢复发展经济。 在摆脱美国控制 之后，英国经济又进入自我发展时期。 England was a leader during the process of the world s development . But after the 20th century, Britain has lost its glory .After the second world war, the British economy suffered serious wounds.At that time, Britain restored its economic development by depending on America.After being out of America s control ,British economy began to go into a period that it developed its economy by itself. 一） 1945 －1979 年的 30 多年是英国经济深受殖民帝国瓦解和 “英国病 ”的长期困扰而 发展十分迟缓的时期 (I)The 30 years between 1945 to 1975 was a slow period that the British economy was troubled deeply by colonial empire dissolves and British disease 50-60 年代英国的经济发展平稳。其主要特点是经济缓慢而持续增长，失业率低，物质 丰富，人民消费水平不断增长。在 70 年代，英国在所有的发达资本主义国家中，始终保持 最低经济增长率， 最高的通货膨胀率， 和最高的贸易赤字纪录。 二战后英国的工业发展开始 走向下坡路 ,工业结构也发生了较大的变化。英国的很多产业都出现了问题，比如煤矿业、 钢铁产业和纺织业等。为了调整工业结构 ,发展传统的工业部门和振兴新的工业部门 ,英国采 取了一些发展新工业部门的措施 ,和制定了一些相关工业立法 ,但效果微弱。至于农业方面 , 一直以来就是英国的弱项 ,英国的农产品及食品等主要是依靠进口的 ,二战后英国的整体贸易 逆差严重 ,再加上战后许多英属殖民地国家纷纷获得独立 ,这对于长期以来农业粮食大都是从 殖民地国家进口的英国来说 ,无疑是一个沉重的打击 , 为了满足英国本土的粮食自给救济 ,政 府开始通过立法来鼓励和促进本国的农业。 The British economy in the 50s and 60s developed steadily. The characters were slow but steady growth,low unemployment and great prosperity with rising standards of consumption. In the 1970s among the developed countries. Britain kept the lowest growth rate , the highest inflation rate, and the high record of trade deficits. After the second World War, the progress of industry in U.K.began to fall into a decline, and its structure also changed relatively much. There were troubles with many British industries, for example ,the coal industry, iron and steel industry , and textile industry. In order to adjust the structure of industry, for example ,to develop traditional industry department and enhance the rising industry department,the government took a series of measures and constitut