关系代词框架.docxVIP

关系代词 定语从句在句子中充当定语功能的从句， 修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可修 饰一个句子。由于定语从句由关系词引导，故又常称作关系代词。所谓关系词是 指这类词在先行词和从句之间发挥着一定的关系作用， 即：既引导定语从句，又 代替先行词在从句中充当着某个成分。 各个关系代词的代替功能以及它们在从句中的作用见下表: 代替 在从句中的作用if 代替人 代替物 代替人或 物 主语 Who Which that 宾语 Whom Which that 定语 Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) 例如：Where is the girl who (或 that) was injured in the accident?关系代词作主 语） The man whom 或 that）you saw just now is our man ager.关系代词作宾 语） He found the watch which 或 that） he had lost. ［注］:有时，关系代词that还可代替在定语从句中担任表语的先行词。 例如： She is no Ion ger the girl that she was in her childhood. 1） 关系代词的省略 （1） 在口语中以及非正式文体中，在定语从句里充当宾语作用的 关系代词常常省去。 例如：Have you found the book （that） you want? （2） 当关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时，不可以用 that，而只 能用whom或which并且不可省略。但是当介词位于定语从句句尾时， 作为介词宾语的关系代词则仍可用that，也可以省去。试比较： The book from which （不用 that） a got a lot of useful information was writte n by a famous physicist.（不 可省略） The book （that 或 which） I a got a lot of useful information from was written by a famous physicist.（可 以省略） 2） 以下两种情况要求使用关系代词 that （1） 当先行词是 all, everything, something, nothing等不定代词，或被 first，but，only, few, much, some, any, no以及形容词最高级等词修饰 时，应用关系代词that，不用which。例如: I am interested in all that you have told me. He asked for the best book that was on the subject. （2）当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时，要用关系代词 that引 导定语从句。例如： We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there. 摘自：《实用大学英语语法》 东南大学出版社 主编：李俊峰 关系代词一方面引导定语从句，修饰其前面的名词，代词或从句；另一方面 又在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语和定语。 There was a man who called to see you when you were out.(wh指 a man,并作 从句的主语) 【注】：指人时，who比that用得多一些。在最高级的定语从句中，that用 得多，优于who： New was one of the greatest men that ever lived. 指事物时，that比which用得多一些： There are lots of thin gs(that)I n eed to do before I leave toni ght. 定语从句有限定性和非限定性两种。 在限定性定语从句中，如果关系代词作宾语，则常被省略，特别是在口语 中： There is a method (which) we must master. 如果关系代词前面紧挨着介词则不能省略， 而且不能用that，只能用which： The photos at which you were look ing were all take n by my brother. 在非限定性定语从句中，只能用 who, whom代表人；用which代替事物： I discussed it with my brother, who is a lawer. He said he had lost the bo