尿素化工厂合成设计.docx

I I 尿素化工厂合成设计 北京化工大学本科毕业设计 设计说明 北京化工大学本科毕业设计 设计说明 I I 设计说明 本设计采用水溶液全循环法，使用氨和二氧化碳直接合成尿素，是将未转化 成尿素的氨和二氧化碳经减压加热和分离后，用水吸收生成甲铵或碳酸铵水溶液， 然后全部返回合成系统循环利用，原料氨利用率可达97鸠上。水溶液全循环法主 要包含以下步骤：（1）二氧化碳的压缩与净化，（2）氨的输送及尿素的合成，（3） 循环回收，（4 ）尿素溶液加工，（5 ）工艺冷凝液的分配及解吸等个步骤进行合成 尿素，并围绕如何调高二氧化碳二氧化碳的转化率，减少循环量，降低能耗以及 提高尿素质量来进行。 首先进行工艺流程分析并根据工艺参数及有关标准进行尿素合成塔和冷凝器 内的物料、热量衡算；其次就解吸塔等设备利用传质传热方程、溶液物性数据等 方面的知识进行塔体的总体结构设计和计算，设计出解吸塔塔径 0.8m，塔高 11.16m；然后对解吸塔进行了必要的强度校核；最后绘制了主设备图和工艺流程 图。 关键词：尿素合成，水溶液全循环法，物料衡算，热量衡算，设备计算 北京化工大学本科毕业设计 Design description 北京化工大学本科毕业设计 Design description PAGE PAGE # Design description This desig n uses a total recycle of the aqueous soluti on, the use of ammonia and carb on dioxide, the direct syn thesis of urea, is not conv erted into urea, ammo nia and carb on dioxide, water absorpti on after decompressi on heati ng and separati on to gen erate ammon ium or ammon ium carb on ate aqueous solutio n, and the n all return to the cycle of synthesis systemutilization of the raw material ammonia utilization up to 97%. Full circulation of the aqueous solution of fat consists mainly of the following steps: (1) carb on dioxide compressi on and purificati on, (2) delivery of ammonia and urea syn thesis, (3) recycli ng, (4) of the urea soluti on process ing, (5) process conden sate distributi on and desorpti on step syn thesis of urea, and focus on how the conv ersi on rate of in crease in carb on dioxide carb on dioxide, reduc ing the circulati on rate, reduce en ergy con sumptio n and improve urea quality. Process analysis of the first materials in accordancewith the process parameters and sta ndards with in the urea reactor and the conden ser heat bala nee; followed by the desorpti on tower and other equipme nt used to heat and mass tran sfer equatio ns, the solutio n property data and other kno wledge of tower body the overall structural desig n and calculations, design the desorption Tata diameter 0.8m high tower, 11.16m; desorbers the n ecessary stre ngth check; fin ally draw the master