农业生产中的面源污染问题与对策-水污染论文-水利论文.docxVIP

农业生产中的面源污染问题与对策-水污染论文-水利论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　对农业面源污染的基础认知欠缺, 难以制定有效的治理方案。通过五年多的多方法探索实践, 梳理了农业面源污染研究的基本研究策略。第一, 小农的用肥行为差异大, 一般的测量方法难以奏效, 采用农户记账方式, 记录农户当季水稻生产的用肥数量、品种及面积、产量等基本数据, 测度单位面积、单位产量的氮、磷、钾用量;第二, 测量比较测土配方肥和普通化肥施肥量, 讨论配方肥的使用群体特点;第三, 新型共生农业特殊的生境需求有助于田间保水, 而生物间相生相克的特点则有助于减少甚至停止农药化肥的使用, 从而达到减少面源污染的效果。面对复杂问题的农业面源污染, 应以开放的态度, 用多学科的方法加以探索。 　　关键词：　农业面源污染; 共生农业; 测土配方施肥; 记账;    　　Abstract：　Due to a deficiency in the basic cognition of agricultural non-point source pollution, it is difficult for us to formulate an effective management plan. Based on more than five years of exploration and practice of multiple methods, the basic research strategies of agricultural non-point source pollution are combed in this paper, which include: ( 1) The variation of fertilizer use behavior of small-holders is huge, and the general measurement method is not effective. The basic data of the amount of fertilizer, variety, area and yield of rice production during the season are recorded with the method of household recording, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in unit area and unit output are measured. ( 2) Measuring and comparing the amount of fertilizer applied to soil testing formula fertilizer and common chemical fertilizer, and discussing the characteristics of formula fertilizer use group. ( 3) The special negative externalities habitat needs of the new type of symbiotic agriculture will help to keep water in the field, and the characteristics of interbiological interdependence and phase gram help to reduce or even stop the use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, thus reducing the effect of non-point source pollution. As a complex issue, agricultural non-point source pollution is explored in a multidisciplinary way with an open attitude in this paper. 　　Keyword：　agricultural non-point source pollution; symbiotic agriculture; soil testing and formulated fertilization; bookkeeping; 　　面源污染是与点源污染相比较而言的。点源污染是指由固定排放点污染源产生的污染, 如企业