工程热力学与传热学（英文） 第1章 基本概念.pptVIP

Thermodynamics --- Chapter 1 Basic Conceptions --- Contents： Thermodynamic System and Its Classification State and Equilibrium Basic Properties: Pressure, Temperature, Specific volume Quasi-static Process and Reversible Process Work and Heat 思考题 分析下面的说法是否正确： 不平衡过程，一定是不可逆过程； 不可逆过程就是指工质不能恢复原来状态的过程； 一个可逆过程必须同时也是一个准平衡过程，但准平衡过程不一定是可逆的。 实际过程都是不可逆过程。 （?） （?） （?） （x） 1-5 Heat and Work 1-5-1 Work（功） （1）The definition in mechanics（力学中功的定义） the product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of the force。 （2）Thermodynamic definition of work（热力学功定义） Work is done by a system on its surroundings if the sole effect on everything external to the system could have been the rising of a weight. 1. Definitions Expansion work（膨胀功） Compression work（压缩功） Consider a gas in a piston-cylinder device（活塞汽缸） The mass of the gas: m, pressure: p, the cross-sectional area of the piston: A, the piston is allowed to move a distance dx, the process is in a quasi-equilibrium manner. （3）Moving boundary work（体积变化功） Associated with the expansion or compression of a gas. p A dx The work done during the process Per unit mass 1 2 2. P-v Diagram （P-v 图 / 示功图） For a reversible process，the area under the curve represents the work done during the expansion or compression process. p A 2 1 p v 1 2 dv P-v diagram 0 p full line Work is not a property of a system, is a path function. It depends on the path followed as well as the end states. Sign convention（符号规定） Work is regarded as positive when it is done by a system on its surroundings. d v 0, ?w 0, work done by the system Work is regarded as negative when it is done on the system by the surroundings. d v 0, ?w 0, work done on the system notes 1-5-2 Heat 1. He