英语构词法的规律.docVIP

英语构词法的规律 A.词缀法（affixation）构词占30%—40%：通常为词根加前、后缀而增加的新词。 前缀法： 否定前缀：apolitical disloyal immature non-smoker irresistible incapable b.贬义前缀：maltreat mistrust misconduct c.程度前缀：extra-strong micro-control macro-control super-sonic submarine ultrasound underdeveloped overweight d.方向前缀：anti-government pro-American e.方位前缀：international forehead trans-world f.时续前缀：ex-president postgraduate prepared g.数字前缀：uniform bicycle triangle quadrilateral multi-national 后缀法： 名词变名词：cigarette teenager hostess adulthood friendship b.动词变名词：trainee assistant dependent user protection decision saving c.形容词变名词：happiness freedom modernism d.名词变形容词：national Australian Chinese childish priceless famous economical workable active permissible e.副词词尾：naturally homeward clockwise B.复合法（compounding）构词占28%—30%：通过词根相加而增加新词。 a.分开式：black market green hand fine art red tape b.合写式：deadline blueprint c.作名词：toothache outbreak have-not d.作形容词：law-breaking far-fetched four-leg e.做动词：nickname lip-read chain-smoke f.临时造词：an I-don’t –care-damn attitude C.转化法（conversion）构词占26%：通过词性的转换而增加新词。 a.动词转名词：doubt want desire love laugh find buy cheat cover wrap pass walk move b.形容词转名词：（全转换）white native final drinkable (部分转换)the woulded the young the rich c.名词转动词：to pocket the money to oil the machine to knife the steak to nurse the children d.形容词转动词：The photo yellowed with age. e.其他： ups and downs ins and outs D.缩略法（shortening）占8%——10%： a. 截短法（clipping）—裁减单词的一部分、保留一部分：quake=earthquake dorm=dormitory flu=influenza pop=popular music b. 首字母缩略词（acronym）——将两个以上单词的首字母合成新单词：VOA=Voice of America BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation PIN=personal identification number Nato=North Atlantic Treaty Organization E.拼缀法（blending）占1%——5%：通过将两个词的一部分合成一个而增加新词。 a.首、尾相加：motel=motor+hotel chunnel=channel+tunnel b.词、尾相加：bookmobile=book+automobile c.首、首相加：comsat=communication+satellite sitcom=situation+comedy d.首、词相加：medicare=medical care Eurasia=Euro