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提问:定语是什么? 修饰限定名词或代词的成分被称为 定语 举例:This is a beautiful flower.(形容词作定语,置前)
This is a flower in the garden.(介词短语作定语,置后)
This is the flower which you gave to me.(定语从句作定语,置后)
先行词 关系词
定语从句
? 定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做 定语从句。
? 结构:先行词+关系词+其他
? 关系词的用法:
关系词的分类:1)关系代词: who, whom, which, that, whose
2 )关系副词: whe n, where, why 作状语)
关系代词在句中充当成分
关系代词
who
whom
that
which
whose
充当成分
主、宾(可省)、表
宾语
主、宾(可省)、表
主、宾(可省)、表
定语
先行词
人
人
人或物
物
人或物
3.关系代词的详细用法
who, whom的用法
1) who在定语从句中作 主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省
The girl who is in red is Lily.
(作
,不可省)
I like the pers on who you are talk ing to.
(作
,可用whom/that替换或者省略)
You arewho you are.
(
作
,不可省)
2) whom在句中作宾语,限制性从句可省,非限制性从句中不能省略
I happened to meethe professor whom I got to know at a party yesterday. 作 ,可省)
I have many friends towhom I am going to send postcards. ( 面不可省)
温馨提示:关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 常由“介词+ whom 引出,此时whom不能省略。
whose的用法 whose的先行词既可 指人,也可指物。在定语从句中 作定语,whose = the n. +of which/whom e.g. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known, (whose 扌旨人)
=This is the scie ntist,the achieveme nts are well known.
=This is the scie ntist,
(whose 指物)e.g. Id like a room whose
(whose 指物)
=I like a room — __the window faces the sea.
that和which的用法
1) 限制性定语从句中,通常情况下可以互换。
that指人或物,which指物不指人,作主语或宾语,作宾语可省,主语不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.(作 ,不可省)
The coat I put on the desk is black. (作 , )
The room in I live is ve^ big. 注意:(先行词为物,在介词后面用which)
=The room I live in is very big.
2) 只用that―― “人物最不避人物”
“人物” 一一that既可指人,也可指物
Is this the museumthat you visited the other day? (指 ,可用 )
Jack is no Ion ger the personhat I met five years ago.(指 ,可用 、 )
“最” 极端修饰: 最高级、序数词、 the on ly, the same, the sam等
This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.(先行词被 修饰)
The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide.(先行词被 修饰)
“不” 不定代词 (all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing, none,等)
All the apples that_ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
There is not much ought to
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