(最新版)新编英语语言学复习知识点整理.pdfVIP

第一单元 What is linguistics? 什么是语言学？ of speech ability.the study of such applications is Linguistics is generally defined as the generally known as applied linguistics scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in Other related branchs include anthropological general. linguistics,neurological linguistics,mathematical linguistics,and computational linguistics. The scope of linguistics 语言学研究的范畴 Some important distinctions in linguistics 。人类学/ Phonetics 语音学 \Phonology 音系学 \Morphology 神经语言学 / 数理语言学 / 计算语言学 形 态 学 \Syntax 句 法 学 \Semantics 语 义 学 1 .Prescriptive vs Descriptive 规定性与描述性 \Pragmatics 语用学 \Sociolinguistics 社会语言学 Descriptive ： a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use. \Psycholinguistics 心理语言学 \Applied linguistics Prescriptive: it aims lay down rules for “correct 应用语言学 behavior. Phonetics 语音学： the study of sounds used in Modern linguistics is descriptive; its investigations are based on authentic, and mainly spoken data. linguistic communication led to the establishment Traditional grammar is prescriptive; it is based on of a branch of linguistics called phonetics “high ” written language Phonology 音系学 :as linguists became interested 2.Synchronic vs. diachronic 共时性与历史性 in how sounds put together and used to convey The description of a language