大学物理-量子物理 (3).pdf

Transcript 05-3 TinyAndWaving A few introductory words of explanation about this transcript. This transcript includes the words sent to the narrator for inclusion in the latest version of the associated video. Occasionally, the narrator changes a few words on the fly in order to improve the flow. It is written in a manner that suggests to the narrator where emphasis and pauses might go, so it is not intended to be grammatically correct. The Scene numbers are left in this transcript although they are not necessarily observable by watching the video. There will also be occasional passages in blue that are NOT in the video but that might be useful corollary information. There may be occasional figures that suggest what might be on the screen at that time. 301- Avatar3-Uncertainty CHAUCER: de Broglie’s particle waves seemed to answer many questions, but this was still not the final answer. KEVIN: No, the final answer is a brilliant piece of mathematics as well as physics. CHAUCER: I agree -- Jeeves take it away. 305 Uncertainty JEEVES: A true giant of the Quantum Revolution was Werner Heisenberg. And from the vagueness of position of electrons in de Broglie’s standing wave orbits, he drew a tremendous insight which he stated like this… “the MORE precisely the position is determined, the LESS precisely the momentum is known …and vice versa.” And while it may sound like gobblety-gook, it was the insight necessary to understand how an object can be both a particle and a wave. This single statement led to the understanding that subatomic particles can disappear and reappear in another place. And they can do this without existing in the intervening space. When an electron is trapped inside an atom, the places where it can disappear and reappear include only specific locations around the nucleus. And that makes it look like a “shell”.