城市公交可持续发展的补贴机制探索.docxVIP

城市公交可持续发展的补贴机制探索    　　摘要：总结了我国现行的主要公交财政补贴方式, 并对不同补贴方式的特点及适应性进行分析比较;明确了公交企业财政补贴机制的基本依据和原则, 界定了政府应承担的财政补贴范围, 并最终提出综合考虑规制成本、服务质量调整系数、运营效益奖金及专项补贴的可持续发展的公交财政补贴机制. 　　关键词：公共交通; 政府补贴; 可持续发展;  　　Research on The Financial Subsidy Mechanism of Urban Public Transport for Sustainable Development 　　YOU Li CHEN Boli ZHANG Zhizhe 　　China Railway Eryuan engineering Refco Group Ltd. Science Research Institute of Ministry of Transport Shenzhen Urban Traffic Planning and Design Research Center Co., Ltd. 　　Abstract： 　　Public financial subsidies are an important means to ensure the sustainable development of public transport enterprises and realize the priority of the urban public transport. A reasonable public transportation subsidy mechanism can not only reflect the public transportation, but also can effectively stimulate their enthusiasm to improve public services, reduce the financial pressure of the government;the government, enterprises and the public all benefit from it. This paper summarizes the current main means of public transit financial subsidies, and the characteristics and adaptability to different subsidies are analyzed and compared. It explains the basic principles of public transportation enterprise financial subsidy mechanism, rationally defines that the government should bear the financial subsidies range, and finally proposes to consider the sustainable development cost of regulation, the service quality adjustment factor, operation benefit bonus and special financial subsidies to public transport. 　　Keyword：public transport; government subsidy; sustainable development; 　　0 引言 　　公交补贴作为支撑城市公交发展的重要手段对实现公交优先发展有着重要的作用.对于公交运营企业而言, 公交财政补贴作为其票价收入以外重要的收入来源, 可以维持企业收益, 保障企业持续发展.对于政府而言, 合理的公交补贴机制是保证公交补贴额度保持在政府可负担的范围内、同时维持城市公交运营活力的有效保障.由于公交企业本身具有公益性和商业性并存的特点, 公交企业一方面必须提供足够班次、线路以及运营时间的公交服务, 满足市民公交需求;另一方面, 还必须维持企业正常运转、补偿生产损耗、满足企业发展和员工福利.在公交企业的各项成本中, 既有用于社会公益性服务的部分, 也有用于商业性运营的部分.但由于公交企业与政府之间信息的不对等, 政府往往难以判断政府给公交企业的补贴是否足够用于满足公交服务于公