2019-抽样与估计-文档资料.ppt

PHStat Example: Home Market Value Data 4-31 Confidence Intervals for Population Total s A 100(1 – a )% CI is: N x ? t n-1, a /2 N n N ? n N ? 1 4-32 PHStat Example ? Sample of 20 reimbursement claims over 60 days old yielded a mean of $185 and standard deviation of $22. 4-33 Confidence Intervals and Decision Making ? ? Required weight for a soap product is 64 ounces. A sample of 30 boxes found a mean of 63.82 and standard deviation of 1.05. A 95% CI is [63.43, 64.21]. What conclusion can you reach? What if the standard deviation was 0.46 and the CI is [63.65, 63.99]? 例 2. 抽选 1300 选民，有 692 人投给了竞选者的一人， 是否意味着这位候选人很可能赢得这次选取？如 果获得 670 人投给这一候选人呢？ 4-34 Confidence Intervals and Sample Size ? CI for the mean, ? known ? Sample size needed for half-width of at most E is n ? (z a /2 ) 2 ( ? 2 )/E 2 ? CI for a proportion ? Sample size needed for half-width of at most E is ( z 2 n ? a / 2 ) p ( 1 ? p ) 2 ? Use p as an estimate of E most conservative estimate p or 0.5 for the 4-35 PHStat Tool: Sample Size Determination 4-36 Example ? For the soap filling process, the sampling error associated with the CI = [63.43, 64.21] is 0.39 (half- width). What sample size is required to reduce this to 0.15? 4-37 Example ? How many voters must be surveyed to ensure a sampling error of at most ± 2%? 4-38 Additional Types of Confidence Intervals ? Difference in means ? ? ? Independent samples with unequal variances Independent samples with equal variances Paired samples ? Difference in proportions 4-39 统计学 两个样本均值之差的抽样分布 总体 1 精品教材 ? 1 ? 1 ? 2 ? 2 总体 2 抽取简单随机样 样本容量 n 1 计算 X 1 计算每一对样本 的 X 1 -X 2 抽取简单随机样 样本容量 n 2 计算 X 2 所有可能样本 抽样分布 的 X 1 -X 2 7 - 40 ? 1? ? 2 Confidence Intervals for Differences Between Means Population 1 Population 2 Mean ? 1 ? 2 Standard ? ? deviation 1 2 Point estimate