生物化学资料：同位素示踪法和核磁共振波谱法.pptVIP

同位素示踪法和核磁共振波谱法 同位素示踪法（isotopic tracer method）是利用放射性核素作为示踪剂对研究对象进行标记的微量分析方法 放射性同位素和稳定性同位素 稳定性同位素：不自衰变的，不存在放射性衰变，如： H(氢),D（氘）；16O,17O和18O ； 12C、13C；14N, 15N 等 放射性同位素：进行放射性衰变，从而放射出γ射线，和α粒子，β粒子。如：T（氚），14C，32P， 34S， 131I 等 Isotopic?tracer?method—— History Before the application of isotopic tracer method, German scientist Franz Knoop used compound tracer method to study the fattty acid metabolism in 1904. Isotopic?tracer?method—— History Rudolph Schoenheimer developed the technique of?isotope?tagging?of?biomolecules in 1941,enabling detailed study of?metabolism. This work revealed that all the constituents of an organism are in a constant state of chemical renewal. Rudolph Schoenheimer? (1898 –1941) Isotopic?tracer?method—— History George Charles de Hevesy recognized in 1943 for his key role in the development of?radioactive tracers?to study chemical processes such as in the?metabolism?of animals. George Charles de Hevesy (1885 –1966) Isotopic?tracer?method—— History Melvin Ellis Calvin discovered the?Calvin cycle by using Carbon isotopic tracer, for which he was awarded the 1961?Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Melvin Ellis Calvin (1911-1997) Isotopic?tracer?method——Rationale（原理） ? Isotopic?tracer?method is a method for micro determination using radionuclide as a tracer to mark subjects. Radionuclide (and their compounds) used in isotopic have the same chemical and biological properties as common elements (and their compounds). However, their property in nuclear physics differ. They are able to emit characteristic ray ,therefore, their position, number and transformation can be traced by nuclear detectors. Proportional counting 正比计数法 Geiger counter(盖革计数器) 正比计数法是测定由放射线通过对闪烁器内某种物质的冲击，使之产生离子化，并能放出闪光。经光电倍增管把光转变为电子脉冲的振幅。经倍增管放大后，即可加以检测。这种测定法对于穿透力较强的γ射线比较合适。而对于穿透力较小的β射线则不易穿透到闪烁器内。 Liquid scintillation counting（液体闪烁计数） aromatic solvent radiation Fluorescence（荧光） (emitted light) 为改进穿透力较小的β射线不易传入到闪烁器内的不足。 液体闪烁仪是使