生物化学资料：Protein systhysis.pptVIP

(1)Hsp 70(Dna K) reaction cycle in E.coli (2)Chaperonin complex Gro EL (Hsp 60） 14 subunits with 2 layers each layer contains 7 subunits in a shape of a cake Gro ES (Hsp 10) a single-layer cake with 7 subunits Gro EL – Gro ES reaction cycle in E.coli （3)Other enzymes Besides molecular chaperon , protein folding needs help from other factors , such as : PDI (protein disulfide isomerase) PPI (peptidyl-prolylcis/trains isomerase) (肽脯氨酸顺-反异构酶) (4)Polymerization of subunits (Quaternary structure) In addition to the tertiary structure of the subunits , multiple-subunits proteins possess a quaternary structure , which is the arrangement into which the subunits assemble. Enzymes composed of subunits with diverse functions holoenzymes Regulatory subunits Catalytic subunits Topic4 Protein targeting Newly synthesized protein must be delivered to correct location where it can carry out the appropriate function. This process is called protein targeting. 1.Signal sequence A special amino acid sequences that direct the proteins to their final locations is termed as a signal sequence. Signal peptide Signal patch Signal peptide A signal peptide is an amino acid sequence which helps proteins to target their destined location. A signal peptide usually contains 15-60 amino acids, most of which are hydrophobic. A signed peptide will be cleaved once the protein has reached its targeted place. Common eukaryotic protein sorting signal Targeted location Signal location Name of signal Extracellular N terminal Signal peptide, SP ER membrane N terminal SP ER matrix C terminal KEDL/HDEL Sequence lysosome Internal M-6-P Nucleus Internal Nuclear location signal, NLS Mitochondrion N terminal Matrix-targeting sequence , MTS Chloroplast N terminal Chloroplast transit peptide, CTP Peroxisome C terminal Peroxisomal target signal , PTS Protein translocation Co-translational translocation protein: secretory , membrane-bound , reside