生物化学资料：蛋白质合成 Protein Synthesis.pptVIP

Prokaryote：EF蛋白家族 Delivery of the aminoacyl-tRNA whose codon appears next on the mRNA template in the ribosomal A site is facilitated in E.coli by the elongation factors EF-Tu-GTP and EF-Ts. Eukaryote：eEF蛋白家族 Delivery of the aminoacyl-tRNA whose codon appears next on the mRNA template in the ribosomal A site is facilitated in E.coli by the elongation factors EF-1α-GTP and EF-1βγ. The prokaryotic cells use the EF-Ts to be the guanine nucleotide exchange factor(the eukaryotic cells use the EF-1βγ), to replace GDP with GTP. Elongation factor Prokaryote：RF蛋白家族 RF-1 recognizes the termination codons UAA and UAG, and RF-2 recognizes UGA and UAA. The binding of these release factors results in hydrolysis of the bond linking the peptide to the tRNA at the P site, causing the nascent protein to be released from the ribosome. A third release factor, RF-3-GTP then causes the release of RF-1 or RF-2 as GTP is hydrolyed. Eukaryote：eRF蛋白家族 eRF recognizes all three termination codons. eRF-3 functions like the peokaryotic RF-3. Termination factor (Release factor) Importance!!! 蛋白质 活性蛋白质 （ active protein） 非活性蛋白质 酶 调节蛋白 转运蛋白 贮存蛋白 收缩和游动蛋白 防御蛋白 控制生长及分化蛋白 结构（支架）类蛋白，如胶原、角弹性蛋白、角蛋白、丝心蛋白等。 Importance!!! part one What is Protein Synthesis? transcription DNA tRNA rRNA Also called Translation mRNA translation Protein What components are needed? Transfer RNA Message RNA Amino Acids Functionally competent ribosomes Proteins Energy Amino acids All the amino acids that eventually appear in the finished protein must be present at the time of protein synthesis. Healthy diet Message RNA RNA polymerase II DNA pre-mRNA/hnRNA Modification mRNA In prokaryotic cells : add 5capping only In eukaryotic cells : 4 steps 成熟真核细胞的mRNA的结构。一个完整的mRNA包括有5端帽、5非翻译区、编码区、3非翻译区和poly(A)尾链。 Modification of mRNA in eukaryotic cells 1.Add 5capping A 7-methylguanosine attached to the 5-terminal end of the mRNA through an unusual 5-5 triphosphate