生物化学资料：第1章 氨基酸.pptVIP

UNIT I Protein Structure and Function第一单元 蛋白质的结构和功能 Chapter 1 Amino Acids 第1章 氨基酸 Proton acceptor The side chains of Arg Lys are fully ionized positively charged at physiological pH. His is weakly basic the free state is largely uncharged at physiological pH. His-R group of a protein molecule, with a pKa of 6.0～6.5, is ionized within the physiological pH range(pH 6～8) II-E. Abbreviations symbols for commonly occurring AAs Each AA name has an associated three-letter abbre. a one-letter symb. The one-letter codes are determinated by the special rules. II-F. Optical properties of amino acids The C? is chiral when the R group is anything other than hydrogen. All AAs but Gly are chiral molecules. H glycine CH3 alanine amino acid R The chiral molecules have 2 or more than 2 different position in space (stereoisomers or enantiomers or nonsuperimposable mirror images or D L configuration). All chiral AAs in human protein are the L -form.D-AAs are found in some antibiotics in plant bacterial cell walls. L-glyceraldehyde (an L-sugar) L-serine (an L- AA) L-Thr D-Thr L-allo-Thr D-allo-Thr The characters of AA stereoisomers (1)the same exact chemical structures (2)the mirror images of each other (3)boiled and freezed etc. at the very same temperatures (4)react in the same way with other molecules. (5)they do everything the same, except for their optical rotation of plane-polarized light. III. ACIDIC BASIC PROPERTIES OF AAs Un-ionized form zwitterion weakly acidic weakly basic Some AAs contain an ionizable R-group AA zwitterions are amphoteric. An acid is a proton donor. A base is a proton acceptor. Whether they react as acids or bases, it depends on the pH of solution. There are the quantitative relationship betw. the pH of the solution [HA] [A-]. It is described by the Henderson -Hasselbach equation(the H-H equation). III-A. Derivation of the equation Weak acid Salt form or conjugate base proton HA