材料导论课程.pptxVIP

;教材： 励杭泉编 “材料导论”, 轻工业出版社, 2000 参考书： 任选;一、什么是材料？;What are materials?;聚丙烯短纤维;塑料布;;门窗玻璃;;汽车与高速公路;铁路;二、材料发展史;材料的发展史=人类的文明史; ;石 器;; 陶 器;陶 器;;;; 编 钟;铁 器;;;;1839年，美国人Goodyear 发现天然橡胶与硫磺共热后呈现奇特性能。;1887 年，Count Hilaire de Chardonnet用硝化纤维素的溶液进行纺丝，制得了第一种人造丝。 ;合成纤维;;材料设计阶段;;三、材料家族;;good conductors of electricity and heat;The elements inherently metallic in nature ;compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements　金属与非金属元素的化合物;Electrical insulation;A composite material is a combination of two or more chemically different materials, having a distinct interface between them, which act together to produce a desired (tailored) set of properties. 不同材料的组合;;Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors and insulators. 电性能介于导体与绝缘体之间;Biomaterials arc employed in components implanted into the human body for replacement of diseased or damaged body parts. ;ADVANCED MATERIALS 先进材料;Lasers, integrated circuits, magnetic information storage, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), fiber optics, spacecraft, aircraft, and military rocketry and the thermal protection system for the space shuttle orbiter.;The properties of materials can be engineered by controlling the sizes of these building blocks in the 1-100 nm size range and their assembly. ;制药：大表面提高可溶性 信息储存：颗粒小 解离吸附：消毒 太阳能电池：水解离 纳米冰箱：绝热去磁;四、材料科学与工程学科;MATERIALS SCIENCE ENGINEERING;材料科学与工程是在金属学、陶瓷学和高分子科学的基础上发展起来的;材料科学与工程的学科性质;WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 学习的目的;Does the material possess the necessary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties?是否具有所需的物理机械性能？;Will the material be adversely affected by the environmental conditions and resist corrosion and other forms of attack? 环境对材料是否有不利影响？;Will the material give sufficient degree of reliability and quality? 质量是否可靠？;Processing　加工;Properties; Materials are the matter of the universe. These substances have properties that make them useful in structures, machines, devices, products, and systems.;完;材料的无限循环体系;原材料制取;材