高中英语语法 独立主格结构知识梳理.docVIP

独立主格结构 例：He being drunk,you had better attend to him with greater care.独立主格结构，相当于一个状语从句的作用, 可改写成 Because he is drunk, you had better attend to him with greater care. 柯林斯惯用法说独立主格结构用于书面语：In writing, you can use a clause containing a subject and an `-ing form when you want to mention a fact or situation that is relevant to the fact stated in the main clause, or is the reason for it. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some having a life-expectancy of around twenty years. Her eyes glistening with tears, she stood up and asked the Council: `What am I to do? 独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。独立主格结构不可以用于口语。 一、详细概述： 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。 二、功能： 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： ①表示时间： The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 ②表示条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 ③表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care,the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 In the middle of February,the weather being favorable for work,the workers began to repair and secure the dam of the river.二月中旬，天气有利于工作，工人们开始修缮河坝。 ④表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 二、用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 ①用作时间状语 The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。 ②用作条件状语 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 ③用作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 ④