泊江海子流域土壤重金属分布与生态风险探讨.docxVIP

泊江海子流域土壤重金属分布与生态风险探讨 Abstract： 54 soil samples were taken from the Bojianghaizi Basin to analyze the concentration of As， Cd， Cr， Hg， Ni， Pb and Zn， and to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics， soil quality and potential ecological risk assessment by ArcGIS 10.1， single factor pollution index， comprehensive pollution index and Hakanson potential ecological risk indices. The results showed that the average metal concentrations were in the order of Zn（79.60 mg/kg）， Cr（56.40 mg/kg， Ni（12.89 mg/kg）， As（12.48 mg/kg）， Cu（8.34 mg/kg）， Pb（6.60 mg/kg）， Hg（0.03 mg/kg）. All of them reached the national soil environmental quality standards （GB *****-1995）. The average concentration of Zn， Cr and Pb were higher than background value of Inner Mongolia area. Their variation coefficients were comparatively high. The single factor index was in decreasing order of As， Zn，Cr，Ni，Cu，Hg，Pb，Hg.The average Nemerow index of soil was 0.95， indicating that the soil was clean. Compared with the national standard， about one-third of the soil suffered from different levels of heavy metal contamination. Zn was the key factor， and closely related with the soil quality. The average potential ecological risk was 85.98， indicating that this soil was under slightly ecological hazard. Hg and As were the main contributors of the ecological risk. Key words： Ordos Larus Relictus National Nature Reserve； Bojianghaizi Basin； soil heavy metal； distribution characteristic； ecological risk 土壤中的重金属具有难降解、易积累、不可逆的特性[1-3]，其过量富集会对生态环境造成威胁，其中，对生态环境安全影响最大的重金属包括Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Co、Cr、Ni以及As等[4，5]。重金属作为土壤一个必要参数、生态安全的基本指标，已经成为环境领域的一个重要的研究方向。土壤重金属含量和生态环境质量息息相关，分析一个地区土壤重金属状态是判断该地区土壤环境质量安全的最直接、有效的方法。 泊江海子流域的中心部分为鄂尔多斯国家级遗鸥自然保护区，是迄今为止全球仅有的以保护遗鸥及其栖息地湿地生境为目的的国际重要湿地。随着泊江海子流域内油房壕煤矿和泊江海子煤矿的发现，最容易受煤矿业影响的土壤重金属将逐渐成为人们关注的焦点问题。目前，针对该地区的研究主要集中在生态学、动物学、水文学方面，对土壤的研究十分缺乏[7-13]。本研究以泊江海子流域为研究对象，在煤矿未正式开采、土壤重金属含量尚未受到影响时，在野外充分地开展了土壤背景值调查，对土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Hg、As含量进行测定，并系统分析了各种重金属的分布特征，按照国家标准对土壤环境质量状况及潜在的生态风险进行评价。本研究弥补了泊