基于均衡价格理论下的铁路春运现象分析.pdfVIP

摘 要 每到春节期间，我国交通运输因人口的大幅度流动出现全国性交通运输高峰情况，我 们把这种现象称为春运。春运自 1979 年我国实行改革开放以来成为我国春节的一个传统和 象征，但也为我国的交通运输行业带来巨大的压力,这尤其体现在铁路领域。本文立足于铁 路春运这一特定的社会现象，以大量数据和案例为研究依据，采用均衡价格分析方法，理 论联系实际，从均衡价格理论的角度出发分析春运产生发展的原因，并根据原因提出实用 性建议，希望春运拥挤和一票难求的现象能够得到缓解。 关键词：春运，均衡价格理论，一票难求，铁路客运 Abstract During the Spring Festival, the whole transportation will become extremely busy and many people cannot buy tickets as they want because there are so many people that should return their hometown from big cities to spend the Spring Festival with their long-time-no-see families, we call this phenomenon The Spring Festival Travel. The Spring Festival travel has been one tradition and symbol of our country since 1979, however, it also brings great pressure to our transportation. Based on a large amount of data and examples , the article is written to analysis this phenomenon by using Equilibrium Price method. And it will analysis the reason of this phenomenon from the angle of the Theory Of The Equilibrium Price and thus provide some factual suggestions according to those reasons, hoping that the situation of the crowd of the transportation and the hardness to buy even one ticket would be improved. Key words: The Spring Festival travel, the Theory Of The Equilibrium Price, the hardness of buying even one ticket, The Spring Festival travel of railway 目录 一 、均衡价格理论综述 1 二、我国铁路春运“一票难求”由来 2 （一）需求出现，增加并稳定 2 1.人口总规模大，对铁路需求高 2 2.人口分布结构与生产分布结构矛盾 2 3.流动需求的季节性变动 3 （二）铁路客运供给能力无法跟上春运需求 4 （三）春运期间铁路票价基本保持不变 4 1. 我国现行铁路客运票价体系。 5 2. 我国铁路票价改革 5 三、对铁路春运的评价 6 （一）我国铁路建设取得重大成就 6 1. 铁路基础设施建设不断完善 6 2. 铁路服务质量不断提高 6 3. 一带一路走出国门