北京协和医学院基础医学院药理学系.pptxVIP

镇痛药 Analgesics;镇痛药Analgesics;镇痛药Analgesics;镇痛药Analgesics;阿片类药物Opium; ;阿片生物碱类;Fresh capsule of opium poppy;镇痛药 阿片生物碱类 罂粟(poppy）;镇痛药 阿片生物碱类;;吗啡 morphine;Mechanisms and Effects ;Types and effects;Mechanisms and Effects; Enkephalin and pain When a person is injured, pain impulses travel up the spinal cord to the brain, which then releases endorphins and enkephalins. Enkephalins block pain signals in the spinal cord, while endorphins are thought to alleviate pain principally at the brainstem.;Mechanisms;Pharmacological effect of Morphine;Pharmacological effect of Morphine;Pharmacological effect of Morphine;Pharmacological effect of Morphine;吗啡morphine;吗啡morphine;镇痛药 阿片生物碱类 吗啡 不良反应 ;镇痛药 阿片生物碱类 成瘾性 ;镇痛药 阿片生物碱类 成瘾性 ;镇痛药 阿片生物碱类 鸦片战争;镇痛药 阿片生物碱类 吗啡成瘾机制;镇痛药 人工合成类 哌替啶 ; 度冷丁dolantin（哌替啶pethidine）Artificial;可待因codeine（3-o-methyl derivative of morphine） ;二氢埃托啡 dihyentophine;镇痛药 人工合成类 哌替啶 ;镇痛药 阿片受体拮抗剂 ;芬太尼 fentanyl;镇痛新 (Pentazocine);Abuse analgesics ;Examples of Pain Scales;?Three-Step Analgesic Ladder 2000,WHO has developed a standardized cancer pain treatment plan that is recognized and used worldwide. April 1991, Ministry of Public Health announced that our conutry should develop Three-Step Analgesic Ladder in cancer pain therapy. It is based on the idea that analgesic (pain reliever) drug therapy provides the most effective pain relief for cancer patients. The three different steps refer to different combinations of analgesics. ;Three-step Analgesic Ladder mild to moderate pain:use of non-opioids （Aspirin,Ibuprofen,Indometacin） moderate pain:a combination of opioids and non-opioids should be tried （Codeine,Tramadol） severe pain:opioids should be used （Morphine、Dihydroetorphine、 Pethidine）;Thanks!;9、要学生做的事，教职员躬亲共做；要学生学的知识，教职员躬亲共学；要学生守的规则，教职员躬亲共守。4月-214月-21Thursday, April 8, 2021 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。10:25:5210:25:5210:254/8/2021 10:25:52 AM 11、一个好的教师，是一个懂得心理学和教育学的