经济学术语解释与文献阅读 .pptx

Appentdix I:Terms of Economics(经济学术语);Absolute advantage (in international trade): The ability of Country A to produce a commodity more efficiently (i.e., with greater output per unit of input)than Country B. Possession of such as absolute advantage does not necessarily mean that A can export this commodity to B successfully. Country B may still have the comparative advantage. 绝对优势：A国所具有的比B国能更加有效地（即单位投入的产出水平比较高等）生产某种商品的能力。 这种优势并不意味着A国必然能将该商品成功地出口到B国。因为B国还可能有一种我们所说的比较优势或比较利益。 Aggregate demand: Total planned or desired spending in the economy during a given period. It is determined by the aggregate price level and influenced by domestic investment , net exports, government spending, the consumption function, and the money supply. 总需求：某一时期一个经济所计划或所需要开支的总数。它取决于总的价格水平，并受到国内投资﹑净出口、政府开支、消费水平和货币供应等因素的影响。 Aggregate demand(AD) curve: The curve showing the relationship between the quantity of goods and services that people are willing to buy and the aggregate price level, other things equal. As with any demand curve, important variables lie behind the aggregate demand curve, e.g., government spending, exports, and the money supply. 总需求曲线：在其他条件不变的情况下，体现一个经济中人们所愿意购买的商品和服务的总量与该经济的价格总水平之间的关系的曲线。同其他需求曲线一样，总需求曲线背后也存在着一系列重要的经济变量，如政府开支、出口和货币供应，等等。;Aggregate supply: The total value of goods and services that firms would willingly produce in a given time period . Aggregate supply is a function of available inputs, technology, and the price level. 总供给：某一时期一个经济中各个企业所愿意生产的商品与服务的价值的总和。总供给是可供利用的资源、技术和价格水平的函数。 Aggregate supply(AS)curve: The curve showing the relationship between the output firms would willingly supply and the aggregate price level, other things equal. The AS curve tends to be vertical at potential output in the very long run but may be relatively flat in the short run. 总供给曲线：在其他条件不变的情况下，体现各企业所愿意提供的总产出与价格总水平之间的关系的曲线。总供给曲线在很长时期内，在潜在产出水平上，倾向于相对地陡峭和垂直；而从短期看，则显得比较平缓。 Appreciation (of a currency): See depreciation （通货）升值：见（通货）贬值。 Asset.:A physical property or intangible right that