新概念英语优美短文背诵：EvolutionofSleep.docVIP

新概念英语优美短文背诵：EvolutionofSleep 新概念英语优美短文背诵：EvolutionofSleep PAGE / NUMPAGES 新概念英语优美短文背诵：EvolutionofSleep 新观点英语优美短文背诵： Evolution of Sleep Evolution of Sleep 睡眠的进化 Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds ： it may extend back as far as the reptiles. 睡眠自古就有。从脑电图上看，我们人类和全部灵长目动物以及几乎全部的哺乳动物和鸟类都同样需要睡眠；甚至爬行类动物也有睡眠。 There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. 有凭证显示，有梦睡眠和无梦睡眠这两种种类的睡眠取决于该动物的生活方式。从统计上看，食肉动物比被捕食动物有更多的有梦睡眠，而被捕食动物更多地无梦睡眠。动物在有梦睡眠时，被有效地排除动作水平，并且对外界刺激缺少反响。无梦睡眠则要浅得多。我们都看到过猫和狗在明显的熟睡中，有一点响动耳朵就会竖起来。 The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. 被捕食动物极罕有深度的有梦睡眠，这看来明显是自然选择的结果。并且这个点是有道理的：当睡眠高度进化此后，笨拙的动物比聪慧的动物更少在深度睡眠状态下丧失动作水平。可是动物为何要进入深度睡眠呢？为何这样的无动作状态也会进化出来呢？海豚、鲸鱼以及水生哺乳动物睡眠都极少，这个事实可以给睡眠的根本功能供给实用的线索。大海中是没有安身之处的。 Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this t