第二章项目选择.pptxVIP

第二章：项目选择（Project Selection);Project selection is the process of evaluating individual projects or groups of projects, and then choosing to implement some set of them so that the objectives of the parent organization will be achieved(项目选择是对单个或一组项目进行评估并选择实施对象从而实现母公司目标的过程). This same systematic process can be applied to any area of the organization’s business in which choices must be made between competing alternatives(在公司运营过程中，当需要在多个竞争性方案之间进行选择的时候，也同样可以应用这种方法). Choosing a number of projects, a portfolio, is even more complex(选择一个项目组合，即多个不同的项目，甚至更加复杂). ;一、项目选择的含义;PM is a key person in project selection, particularly if a Request for proposal(RFP,项目建议书) was involved. In this chapter we discuss several techniques that can be used to help senior managers select projects. Project selection is only one of many decisions associated with project management. To deal with all of these problems, we use decision-aiding models(决策辅助模型). This process of caving away the unwanted reality from the bones of a problem is called modeling the problem(从问题的实质中剔除不必要的因素的过程就称为问题模型化). In other words, the idealized version of the problem that results is called a model(对问题的理想化描述就是模型). The model represents the problem’s structure, its form. The model can be shown with many forms, such as graphs(曲线), analogies(类比), diagrams(图表), flow graph(流程图), network models(网络图), and symbolic(mathematical) models. The model may be quite simple to understand, or they may be extremely complex. ;在进行项目选择时，常使用决策模型（decision-aiding model)（即项目选择模型）。 模型可以简化问题，也可以展示问题结构(structure)。 模型可能很容易理解，也可能非常复杂。;二、项目选择模型的评估标准;1、实用性。如：项目A通过添置设备可以增加企业的市场占有率，项目B通过增加技术人员可以提高竞争地位，当其他条件相同时，哪个项目更好？（此时应充分考虑企业设备、资本、人力资源等方面的局限综合考虑。） ;2、 capability(功能性). The model should be sophisticated enough to deal with multiple time periods, simulate various situations both internal and external to the project(e.g., strikes, interest rate changes, etc.), and optimize the decision. An optimizing model will make the comparison that management deems importa