材料科学与工程基础作业讲评9.pptxVIP

4-62 已知碲化锌的Eg=2.26eV，它对哪一部分可见光透明？;4-63、当可见光垂直入射并透过20mm厚的某种透明材料时，透射率为0.85，当该种透明材料的厚度增加到40mm时，透射率为多少？已知折射率为1.6。;19.9 Compute the velocity of light in calcium fluoride (CaF2 ), which has a dielectric constant ?r of 2.056 (at frequencies within the visible range) and a magnetic susceptibility of-1.43?10-5. ;19.19 The fraction of nonreflected radiation that is transmitted through a 10-mm thickness of a transparent material is 0.90. If the thickness is increased to 20 mm, what fraction of light will be transmitted? ;19.22 Briefly explain what determines the characteristic color of (a) a metal and (b) a transparent nonmetal.;19.24 The index of refraction of quartz is anisotropic. Suppose that visible light is passing from one grain to another of different crystallographic orientation and at normal incidence to the grain boundary. Calculate the reflectivity at the boundary if the indices of refraction for the two grains are 1.544 and 1.553. R=（n2-n1）2/（n2+n1）2 =（1.553-1.544）2/（1.553+1.544）2 =8.427×10-6;19.25 Briefly explain why amorphous polymers are transparent, while predominantly crystalline polymers appear opaque or, at best, translucent.;4-59叙述下列概念：（1）反射、透射和吸收：（2）旋光性：（3）非线性光学性质：（4）光泽：（5）发光：（6）光敏性 ;4-66为什么有些透明材料是带色的，有些是无色的？;4-70有哪些方法可以改善材料的透明性。;19.4 Distinguish between materials that are opaque, translucent, and transparent in terms of their appearance and light transmittance.;19.7 (a) Briefly explain why metals are opaque to electromagnetic radiation having photon energies within the visible region of the spectrum. (b) Why are metals transparent to high-frequency x-ray and γ-ray radiation? ;19.13 It is desired that the reflectivity of light at normal incidence to the surface of a transparent medium be less than 5.0%. Which of the following materials in Table 19.1 are likely candidates: soda–lime （石灰钠）glass, Pyrex glass, periclase（方镁石）, spinel（尖晶石）, polystyrene, and polypropylene? Justify your selections.;19