08组织变革与组织文化.pptxVIP

第八章 组织变革与组织文化一、组织变革二、组织文化一、组织变革组织变革就是组织根据内外环境的变化，及时对组织中的要素进行结构性变革，以适应未来组织发展的要求。组织变革的根本目的就是提高组织的效能。（一）组织变革的动因1．外部环境因素（1）整个宏观社会经济环境的变化（2）科技进步的影响（3）资源变化的影响（4）竞争观念的改变2．内部环境因素（1）组织机构适时调整的要求（2）保障信息畅通的要求（3）克服组织低效率的要求（4）快速决策的要求（5）提高组织整体管理水平的要求（二）组织变革的目标1．使组织更具环境适应性2．使管理者更具环境适应性3．使员工更具环境适应性（三）组织变革的内容1．人员的变革2．结构的变革3．技术与任务的变革（四）组织变革的过程两种不同的观点：其一：风平浪静观其二：急流险滩观风平浪静观（Kurt Lewin）组织变革的过程包括解冻－变革－再冻结三个阶段：（1）解冻阶段：改革前的心理准备阶段（2）变革阶段：变革过程中的行为转换阶段（3）再冻结阶段：变革后的行为强化阶段（五）组织变革的程序（1）诊断组织现状，发现变革征兆（2）分析变革因素，制定改革方案（3）选择正确方案，实施变革计划（4）评价变革效果，及时进行反馈 （六）组织变革的阻力1.个人阻力2.团体阻力（七）消除组织变革阻力的管理对策（1）客观分析变革的推力和阻力的强弱（2）创新组织文化（3）创新策略方法和手段（八）组织变革中的压力及其管理1.What is stress?Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity , constraint , or demand related to what he or she desires , and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.Stress is a complex issue, so let us look at it more closely. Stress can manifest itself in both a positive and a negative way. Stress is said to be positive when the situation offers an opportunity for one to gain something. It is when constraints or demands are placed on us that stress can become negative. Let us explore these two features--constraints and demands.2.Are there common causes of stress?Stressor:A factor that causes stressStress can be caused by a number of factors called stressors. Factors that create stress can be grouped into two major categories--organizational and personal. Both directly affect employee and , ultimately, their jobs.Organizational factorsThere is no shortage of factors within the organization that can cause stress. Pressures to avoid errors or complete tasks in a limited time period, a demanding supervisor, and unpleasant co-workers are a few examples. The discussion that follows organizes stress factors into five categories: task,role, and interpersonal demands;organization structure; and organizational leadership.(1)Task demands are factors related to an employee’s job. They include the de