英语翻译流体性能.docxVIP

— PAGE \* Arabic 1 — 英语翻译流体性能 Properties of Fluid(流体性能)  In this chapter we discuss a number of fundamental properties of fluids. An understanding of these properties is essential for us to apply basic principles of fluid mechanics to the solution practical problem.  这篇我们讨论一些流体的基本性能。了解这些基本性能对于我们用流体力学基本原理解决实际问题是非常有用的。  1 DISTINCTION BETWEEN A SOLID AND A FLUID液体和固体的区别  The molecules of a solid are usually closer together than those of a fluid. The attractive forces between the molecules of a solid are so larger that a solid tends to retain its shape.This is not the case for a fluid，where the attractive forces between the molecules are smaller.An ideal elastic solid will deform under load and，once the load is removed，will return to its original state．Some solids are plastic. These deform under the action of a sufficient load and deformation continues as long as load is applied，providing the material does not rupture. Deformation ceases when the load is removed，but the plastic solid does not return to its original state．固体中的化学分子往往比液体中的分子排列紧密。固体分子之间的吸引力很大以至于固体能保持其外形。但是液体分子之间的吸引力就小的多了。理想的弹性固体在压力作用下会变形撤去压力就会恢复原形。还有一些塑性固体在保证材料不被破坏的情况下给其不断施加压力变形就会不断持续，当撤去外力变形停止，但是塑性固体不会恢复其原有的形状。  The intermolecular cohesive forces in a fluid are not great enough to hold the various elements of the fluid together. Hence a fluid will under the action of the slightest stress and flow will continue as long as the stress is present.  液体分子之间的凝聚力不足以使各种分子集中在一起，所以当液体受到很小的压力就会持续流动只要有力地存在。  2 DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN A GAS AND A LIQUID气体和液体之间的区别  A fluid may be either a gas or a liquid ．The molecules of a gas are much farther apart than those of a liquid．Hence a gas is very compressible，and when all external pressure is removed，it tends to expand indefinitely．A gas is therefore in equilibrium only when it is completely enclosed. A liquid is relatively incompressible，and if all pressure，except that of its .own vapor pressure，is removed，the cohesion between molecules h