甲壳素膜制备工艺设计.docVIP

第1章 绪 论 （注：页眉为一级标题英文文字，小五号，段前、段后均为0，行距为单倍行距，并居中） PAGE PAGE II 毕 业 设 计 题 目：甲壳素膜制备工艺的设计 学 院：化学工程学院 专 业： 年 级： 姓 名： 指导教师： 完成日期： 本科毕业设计 本科毕业设计 PAGE I 摘 要 甲壳素是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的天然高分子,但它的直接利用存在很多问题。主要是它不溶于一般溶剂,因此要通过浓碱条件下脱乙酰化转变为壳聚糖才能应用。因此目前开发和生产甲壳素类材料,主要是以壳聚糖为原料进行的。壳聚糖是通过将甲壳素脱乙酰化处理得到从而大大增加了工业化成本。这样不仅工艺繁杂,成本高而且浓碱会引起环境污染。开发直接溶解甲壳素的溶剂,从而制备材料的新工艺是具有重要的战略意义和经济利益。另外,甲壳素具有良好的生物相容性,可降解性,因此是制备医用材料的良好候选者。由于甲壳素可与重金属离子发生整合作用,基于甲壳素的材料在废水处理方面也将具有广阔的应用前景。 关键词：甲壳素 高分子 壳聚糖 重金属离子 Abstract Chitin is a natural polymer whose content is next only to cellulose in nature, but there are many problems in its direct utilization. The main reason is that it is insoluble in general solvents, so it can only be applied by deacetylation to chitosan in concentrated alkali. Therefore, the development and production of chitin materials are mainly based on chitosan. Chitosan is obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which greatly increases the cost of industrialization. In this way, not only the process is complicated and the cost is high, but also the concentrated alkali will cause environmental pollution. It is of great strategic significance and economic benefits to develop a new process for the preparation of materials by directly dissolving chitin. In addition, chitin has good biocompatibility and degradability, so it is a good candidate for the preparation of medical materials. Because chitin can integrate with heavy metal ions, chitin based materials will also have broad application prospects in wastewater treatment. Key words: Chitin High polymer Chitosan starch Heavy metal ion 目 录 TOC \