胡壮麟语言学教程第五版chap5.pptxVIP

胡壮麟语言学教程第五版chap5第1页/共85页会计学第2页/共85页1. The Study of MeaningSemantics: The meaning of words: Lexical semanticsThe meaning of sentences: Propositional meaning, compositional meaningLinguistic semantics vs. Logical semantics/philosophical semanticsPragmatics: The meaning of utterances第3页/共85页2. Semantic MeaningSemantics is the study of meaning in language.Meaning has been studied for thousands of years by philosophers, logicians and linguists. E.g. Plato Aristotle.第4页/共85页Logicians and philosophers have tended to concentrate on a restricted range of sentences (typically, statements, or ‘propositions’) within a single language.The linguistic approach is broader in scope, aiming to study the properties of meaning in a systematic and objective way, with reference to as wide a range of utterances and languages as possible.第5页/共85页3. The meaning of meaningC. K. Ogden I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning.John means to write.A green light means to go.第6页/共85页Health means everything.His look was full of meaning.第7页/共85页What is the meaning of life?第8页/共85页What does ‘capitalist’ mean to you?第9页/共85页What does ‘cornea’ mean?The transparent, convex, anterior portion of the outer fibrous coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and the pupil and is continuous with the sclera.第10页/共85页Geoffrey Leech (1974, 1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Seven types of meaning:Conceptual meaningConnotative meaningSocial meaningAffective meaningReflected and meaningCollocative meaningThematic meaningAssociativeMeaning第11页/共85页(1) Conceptual meaningAlso called ‘denotative’ or ‘cognitive’ meaning.Refers to logical, cognitive or denotative content.Concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to.第12页/共85页(2) Connotative meaningThe communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content.A multitude of additional, non-criterial properties, including not only physical characteristics but also ps