草甘膦降解菌分离与鉴定.docVIP

草甘麟降解菌分离与鉴定 草甘磷高效降解菌的筛选鉴定 张艳明 (安徽农业大学植物保护学院，安徽合肥230036) 摘 要：草甘磷是目前世界上广泛使用的一种有机磷除草剂，长期大 量使用所造成的环境污染已不容忽视?微生物降解是生物修复草廿麟污染 土壤的有效途径之一.本实验通过富集分离方法，从受草甘麟污染的土壤 中以草甘麟为唯一碳、氮源进行筛选，共分离得到11株对草甘麟具有降 解能力的真菌菌株。利用分光光度法对菌株降解能力进行测定，发现NCY-5 菌株在草甘麟浓度为1.2g-L的培养基中，摇床培养7天后降解率高达 83.63%,具有较高的研究及应用价值。通过显微形态特征观察，初步断定 菌株NCY?5属于瓶霉属真菌。关键词：草甘麟；农药残留；降解；分离 筛选 Isolation and identification of a highly efficient glyphosate degrading strain ZHANG Yan-ming , CHEN Long , ZHAO Bin ,ZHANG Han-ping (Department of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei Anhui 230036) Abstract: Glyphosate is commonly used as an organophosphate herbicide in the world. But continuously using the herbicide will cause envir on mental pollution seriously. Biodegradation is an effective way of bioremedying the polluted soil. In order to degrade glyposate eleven glyphosate degradable strains were obtained from glyphosate contaminated soil by using screening and separation cultural medium method which used glyphosateas the unique carb on and nitroge n source ? The degradation rate of glyphosate of the strains was detected by using spectrophotometry method? One of the strains showed potential for further research and utilization with a 83.63% degradation rate which incubating for 7 days in the culture medium with glyphosate concentration by 1.2g L-l. Based on physiological of the microscope, the strain NCY-5 was identified as Phialophora. Key words: Glyphosate; Pesticide residue; Degradation; Isolation 草甘麟(Glyphosate)是一种高效、低毒、低残留的广谱灭生性有机 磷农药⑴，适用于农田、林木和果园等地[2],其作用机理是抑制5■烯醇式 丙酮酸草酸?3■磷酸合成酶(EPSP合成酶)的活性，阻断芳香族氨基酸的生 物合成[3-5]1-1,从而使杂草死亡。在过去几十年中,草甘麟农药的开发与 应用，曾为人类在农、林业生产中防治病害、提高农作物产量中起到了不可 磨灭的积极作用。近年来，随着草甘麟的长期、大量施用，相继岀现了一 些问题，如朵草抗性、防除效果降低、对非靶标生物和生态环境造成的污 染破坏等，草廿麟使用之后的环境效应及其修复技术逐渐引起科学工作者 的关注[6?9] 目前自然环境中存在的部分细菌、真菌、放线菌、藻类等对有机磷农 药具有降解作用，研究得比较深入的有细菌和真菌2类。细菌包括：假单 孑包菌属(Pseudomonas)、芽抱杆菌属(Bacillus)、节细菌属(Arthrobacter)、 棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium )、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、黄单孑包杆菌 属(Xanthomonas)等。真菌主要有:曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)、 木霉属(Trichode