高中英语语法定语从句总结全.docx

高中英语语法定语从句总结全 高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ . 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接 在先行词 (antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的成份。 先行词可以为一个词， 短语， 或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词 : that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose,当关系代词在定语从句 中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语） :when （时间状语） 、 why （原因状语） 、 where （地点状语） 可以修饰人的关系代词： that, who, whom, whose 可以修饰事的关系代词： that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. Id like a room whose window faces the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语） ； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ . 几个关系代词的基本用法： ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。 (指人时，相当于 who 或 whom ；指物时，相当于 which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句 ; 不可置于介 词后作宾语 ) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. ( 主语 ) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语） 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before. （表语） 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. （ = Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be 。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be. ） ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father. （主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. （宾语） ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格 , 在从句中作主语，只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语 ; 只可指人 whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的 1 / 6 高中英语语法定语从句总结全 whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的 ) the + n. + of whom (某人的 ) I like the students who/that work hard. （主语） The boy (that/ who / whom ) we saw yesterday is Tom. I know the girl whose father is a teacher. (whose father = the father of whom) A child whose parent