英语重难点语法-考研英语(二)写作.docx

英语重难点语法 第一讲 句子构成成分分析 句子构成 构成句子的成分共分 为九种：主语，谓语， 宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语 和插入 语。 一、主语：句子的核心主体，通常位于谓语动词 之前，表明一个句子是 谁或何种情 况所发出执行或是承受的。常做主 语的有名词、代词、主语从句、 V-ing 、To do 五种。 1 名词： Success is the result of good judgment. Life lights the candle of hope. 2 代词： We live and learn. I doubt, therefore I think. I think, therefore I am. 3 主语从句： How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is. What is worth doing is worth doing well. 4 V-ing: Losing can be a real beginning. Believing in yourself is the secret of success. 5 To do: To light the candle of heart is better than to curse the darkness of the outside 1 wold. To know is wisdom and to do is a skill. 二、 谓语：描述或阐述主语的情况，由动词来充当，常位于主 语之后。 1 表状态用系动词： Life is full of ups and downs. Life is hope and hope is life. 2 表动作用及物或不及物 动词： Many hands make light work. I came I saw I conquered. 3 表拥有：人或物时用： have has 无生命的 东西： there be Every dog has its day. In a full heart, there is room for everything. 4 情态动词 ＋动词原形： A man may die, nations may fall, but an idea lives on. 三、 宾语：及物动词或介词所指向的 对象。常做宾语的有名 词、宾语从句、复合结 构、 V-ing 、To do 五种。 1 名词： Reading enriches our mind. Haste makes waste. 2 宾语从句： Goals determine what you are going to be. 2 Temptation discovers what we are. 3 复合结构： If you lack confidence you will find it hard to win. 4 V-ing: You are never a loser until you quit trying. Reading is like opening a window to the outside world. 5 To do: Winners expect to win in advance. One should learn to forgive. 四、表语：接在系动词后， 补充说明主语的情况又称 为主语补足语。常做表语的有 名词、形容词、V-ing 、To do、从句五种。 1 名词： Life is not a bed of roses. Today is our only sure possession. 2 形容词： Time is fleeting and art is long. Change is constant. 3 V-ing: Courage is doing what others think you can ’dto. Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum. 4 To do: To change attitude is to change life. 3 The proper function of man is to live, not