医学免疫学主题知识讲座.ppt

医学免疫学主题知识讲座;参考教材; 基础免疫学;免疫概念（Concept of immunity）;免疫功效;免疫系统组成;人体免疫器官;免疫细胞;免疫应答种类;固有免疫（Innate Immunity）;适应性免疫（Adaptive Immunity）;固有免疫与适应性免疫;病毒感染过程中关键抗病毒细胞与分子改变;适应性免疫应答;体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答;免疫记忆: 首次应答和再次应答;固有免疫和适应性免疫之间关系;抗原（Antigen）;;半抗原(Hapten): ;DNP: dinitrophenyl（二硝基氟苯）;抗原特异性;抗原识别: 抗体 BCR TCR MHC; ;;T细胞对抗原识别; 被TCR识别抗原表位。 特点: 1.为线性表位 2.存在于抗原分子任何部位 3.需经抗原递呈细胞(APC)加工处理,与MHC结合。 4. 被TCR识别肽段。 ;B 细胞表位: 被BCR识别抗原表位。; T细胞表位与B细胞表位特征比较;抗原种类及医学上关键抗原;;依据Ag与机体亲缘关系分类;同种异型抗原(alloantigen) ;隐蔽本身抗原 such as: brain, corneal tissue, sperm, thyroid globulin. 本身抗原改变;存在于人、动物、植物及微生物等 不一样物种间共同抗原。 如: 链球菌与人肾小球基底膜及心肌内膜 大肠埃希菌Ｏ86含人类Ｂ血型物质。;免疫球蛋白/抗体  Antibody;Kabat and Tiselius - 1938;免疫球蛋白在体内存在两种形式;Ig分子结构（structure）;高变区(HVR):VH和VL各有3个氨基酸组成和排列次序高度可变区 域. 又称互补结合区（CDR） 骨架区（framework region);Binding of an antigen by an antibody. This model of a globular protein antigen (hen egg lysozyme) bound to an antibody molecule shows how the antigen-binding site can accommodate soluble macromolecules in their native (folded) conformation. The heavy chains of the antibody are colored red, the light chains are yellow, and the antigen is colored blue. (Courtesy of Dr. Dan Vaughn, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.) A view of the interacting surfaces of hen egg lysozyme (in green) and an Fab fragment of a monoclonal anti-hen egg lysozyme antibody (VH in blue and VL in yellow) is provided. The residues of hen egg lysozyme and of the Fab fragment that interact with one another are shown in red. A critical glutamine residue on lysozyme (in magenta) fits into a cleft in the antibody. (This figure is based on Figure 3B and reprinted with permission from Amit AG, RA Mariuzza, SE Phillips, and RJ Poljak. Three dimensional structure of an antigen antibody complex at 2.8A resolution. Science 233, 747-753, 1986. Copyright 1986;免疫球蛋白分类: IgG, IgD, IgE, IgM, IgA