城乡户口群体教育回报率的差异分析基于CGSS数据的实证研究.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 58 中文摘要 本文研究了教育在农业户口、非农业户口和农转非户口三大群体之间回报率的差异问题。首先以受教育年限作为估计教育水平的指标，计算个体受教育时间增加一年对收入会产生什么影响。同时考虑到不同教育阶段对收入有异质性作用，各阶段的回报率并非完全一致，进而分别估计接受初中、高中和高等教育相对于小学教育对工资的提升作用。 在实证上，以贴近现实情况的微观调查数据为基础，测算了总体的教育回报率以及城镇中三类户口群体的回报率，并对其进行比较。分析教育回报率在各户口群体之间存在差距背后可能的原因，如教育经费投入不均和素质培养过程中的人力资本积累差距等。然后利用分位数回归，估计位于收入分配不同阶层上各群体的教育回报率，发现教育对位于收入最底层的人群来说对收入的提升作用最大，因而接受教育在长期而言可能在一定程度上能够缓解收入差距日益扩大的社会问题。 关键词：教育回报率；户口；收入差距 Abstract This paper examines the difference in the rates of education return between population with agricultural registered permanent residence, non-agricultural registered permanent residence and people who change from rural residents to urban residents. First of all, take the number of years of education as a measure of education level, and then calculate what the effect to income will be if labors accept one more year of education. Taking the heterogeneity of different educational stages into account, as the return of each stage is not the same, the effect of junior high school, high school and higher education relative to primary school to the increase of wages is estimated. In practice, based on the microeconomic survey data, which is close to the reality, the overall rate of education return and the rates of return of the three groups of households in the urban area are measured and compared. Analyze the possible reasons for the difference in the rates of education return, such as the gap in education funding and the in the accumulation of human capital in the process of quality training. Then, use the quantile regression to estimate the rate of education return in different income classes. It is found that education has the greatest effect on the population at the bottom of the income distribution, so that education may help narrow the income gap. Key words: education return; registered permanent residence; income gap 1引言 1.1选题背景及意义 上世纪80年代以来，国家对人口流动的限制不再像之前一样严格，同时城乡就业机会的差异随经济发展而加剧，一大批农村富余劳动力为了更高的工资而搬到城市打工，希望能够拥有更好的生活。到如今，城市中的流动人口规模已经达到2.47亿人，占总人口的18%，流动人口群体已经成