单独二胎政策背景下城市居民的生育意愿及影响因素研究.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 19 单独二胎政策背景下城市居民的生育意愿及影响因素研究 ——以浙江省杭州市为例 摘要：计划生育政策是我国的基本国策，这一政策自上世纪80年代实施以来，对我国控制人口数量、提高人口素质起着重要的作用。这一国策势必是长期坚持并常抓不懈的，而随着我国进入新世纪，我国的人口形势发生了重大的变化，“单独二胎”政策作为一胎政策的补充与完善，满足了部分人群对于生育二胎的意愿，增强了人们对于生育政策的认同感，正逐渐开始实施起来。本文选择浙江省杭州市为研究对象，结合生育意愿及生育文化理论，分析当前单独二胎政策背景下杭州市民的生育意愿。研究发现该政策也存在着一些问题，包括出生性别比严重失衡的问题、独生子女缺少冒险精神、过分依赖他人等问题以及人口老龄化严峻等问题。解决这些问题不仅需要完善独生子女在教育、就业、住房等方面的政策、对失独家庭的保障，还需要政府建立配套保障，保障公民的基本生存权，同时还要通过教育和全民健康教育，真正的提高我国的人口素质。 关键词：单独二胎政策计划生育生育意愿 Study on influencing factors of city residents fertility will separate two-child policy background:take Hangzhou city of Zhejiang Abstract: The one-child policy is Chinas basic national policy,since 1980s,the implementation of this policy plays an important role for our population control and improve population quality. The national policy is bound to be long-standing and unremittingly, while with China step into the new century, major changes occurred in the situation of Chinas population, a separate two-child policy as a supplement of the one-child policy, which meet part of the population for the second child wishes and enhance the peoples sense of identity for fertility policy, is gradually beginning to implement. This article chooses Hangzhou for the study, combined with fertility desire and fertility culture theory, analysis of the current two-child policy alone background,Hangzhou citizens’ fertility desire. The study found that there are some policy issues, including the problem of a serious imbalance in sex ratio at birth, the only child the lack of adventurous spirit, over-reliance on others, such as population aging issues and serious problems. To solve these problems not only need to improve the one-child policy in the areas of education, employment, housing, to protect against loss of single families and so on, but also need the government to supporting the establishment of safeguards to protect the citizens fundamental right to life, at the same time,through education and health education, truly improve the