发展经济学-徐滇庆.pdfVIP

The Frontier of Development Economics I. Rich and Poor Countries (1) What is included in GNP? GNP: Gross national product Sum of the value of finished goods and services produced by asociety during a given year Excludes intermediate goods Includes income earned by citizens of the country (wage and profit) Inside and outside the country GDP: Gross domestic product Sum of the value of finished goods and services producedwithin the borders of a country Including income earned by resident foreigners GDP EX P Q EX-exchange rate P-price, market price Q-quantity (2) A. price distortion (P) Relative price. Wage difference-endowment and scarcity of resource. Bubble economy B. Rule of country Service, education, lawey. C. Official exchange rate between U.S. dollars and each national currency. GDP t 1 GDP t Growth Rate (%) GDP t According to World Bank Development Report, GDP in term of U.S. dollars. Many goods and services are non-traded, such as electric power, services. (3) Japans economic growth Year GNP per capita Growth rate (in U.S $) Growth rate (real) 1981 10603 1.8 3.6 1982 10070 -5.3 (Exchange rate ) 3.2 1983 9760 -3.1 (Exchange rate ) 3.6 1984 10010 2.6 4.3 1985