非谓语动词作定语和状语.ppt

非谓语动词作定语和状语 韦正洪; 非谓语动词 (Nonfinitive Verbs);谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didn’t go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.;非谓语：主要包括不定式（to do），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。 e.g. He works. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done his work. You are students, so you don’t work in the factory. Being students, you don’t work in the factory. ;非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别 顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不 能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。近 年来高考命题常常通过改变熟悉的句型结构或 利用一些“ 貌合神离” 的手段，加大考生辨别 非谓语动词的难度。 一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓 语动词， 除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现 在主从复合或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓 语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。;例1). At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _____ down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005上海） A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat 　解析： 此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即 Ａ或Ｂ项，而and实际上作为并列连词并列的 是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing与 sitting. ;例2) Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. have been bought D. buying 解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为Ａ或Ｃ。依据上面陈述，填入Ａ或Ｃ句子都有两个谓语动词，而此处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为Ｂ，bought through a computer为一过去分词短语作后置定语，句中只有一个谓语can be lower than。当然此题如改为Prices of daily goods which have been bought through…也是正确的，因为这一动作出现在从句中。;小试牛刀 1). If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better______ it— you’ve got some big bills coming 　 A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget 2). Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______ fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having ;3) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ____