磷系阻燃剂的合成及性能研究论文.docVIP

PAGE PAGE III 题目：磷系阻燃剂的合成及性能研究 磷系阻燃剂的合成及性能研究 摘 要 阻燃剂的无卤化使磷系阻燃剂的重要性日益增加，其中有机次膦系阻燃剂由于其含有C-P键，化学稳定性增强，具有耐水、耐溶剂、阻燃效能高、低烟、无毒、对材料的力学性能影响小等优点，因此有机次膦系阻燃剂倍受青睐，是磷系阻燃剂中最有发展前景、应用最为广泛的一类阻燃剂，可广泛应用于环氧树脂、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚烯烃、尼龙等高分子材料的阻燃。 论文主要以磷酸，聚乙烯醇和尿素为主要原料进行合成阻燃剂，并对其制备工艺条件进行讨论及优化。通过红外光谱对产物进行结构分析，证实其结构特征与目标产物一致。还研究了阻燃应用性能，在工程塑料聚丙烯加入产物能取得较好的阻燃效果。 关键词：阻燃剂；磷酸；聚乙烯醇 Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-based flame retardants Abstract Phosphorus flame retardant is more and more important because of the trend of halogen-free. Organic phosphoric flame retardants due to their containing C-P(carbon-phosphorus) enhanced chemical stability, has water and solvent extracted, high performance flame retardant, low smoke, non-toxic, on the mechanical and physical properties of small advantages, so the organic phosphine flame retardant is a kind of phosphorus flame retardant in the most widely used, and the prospect is the best varieties of flame retardants, can be widely used in several polymers, such an epoxy resin, polyester, polyurethane, polyolefin, nylon and so on. Thesis with phosphoric acid, polyvinyl alcohol and urea as the main raw material and discussed and optimization of their preparation conditions. By infrared spectroscopy for structural analysis of the product confirmed its structural characteristics consistent with the target product. Also studied the flame application performance engineering plastics polypropylene adding flame retardant product can achieve better results. Keywords: flame retardant; phosphate; polyvinyl alcohol 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 1 绪论 1 1.1阻燃的必要性 1 1.2 聚合物的燃烧过程 1 1.3阻燃剂的阻燃机理 3 1.3.1固相阻燃机理 3 1.3.2气相阻燃机理 3 1.3.3协效阻燃机理 3 1.4阻燃剂种类 4 1.4.1传统阻燃剂 4 1.4.2有机磷阻燃剂 5 1.5阻燃剂的发展现状和趋势 8 1.5.1国外阻燃剂的发展现状和趋势 8 1.5.2我国塑料阻燃剂现状及发展趋势 8 1.6本课题的研究内容 9 2 实验部分 10 2.1实验原料及试剂 10 2.2实验仪器及其规格 10 2.3表征及测试 10 2.4合成过程 10 3 结果与讨论 12 3.1红外表征 12 3.2不同量的催化剂的条件下对于产率的影响 12 3.3磷酸的含量与产率的关系 13 3.4反应温度对于产率的影响 14 3.5反应时间对于产率的影响 14