近代分析实验原理：第十三课-光谱.pptVIP

The fluorescence problem is the major drawback of using Raman spectroscopy. Thus, a Raman spectrum can be completely masked by fluorescence. * Raman imaging is a technique to obtain spatial distribution of specific molecules in a sample. It is similar to element mapping in X-ray, electron and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The working principle is to record the specific Raman peak that represents the specific component in the sample, as schematically shown in Figure 9.32. Although it can be done with Raman microscopy, Raman imaging is more difficult than other mapping techniques because the Raman scattered light is inherently weak. Raman imaging can be either obtained by a scanning or a direct-imaging method in the Raman microscope. The scanning method requires a scanning mechanism of focused laser beam to generate a raster area in the sample, similar to scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. The scanning method is often not favorable because it is too time consuming. Unlike for SEM imaging, the intensity of Raman scattered light is so low that dwell time of the laser bean on each pixel should be long in order to obtain a satisfactory two-dimensional image. The direct-imaging method is rather simple, obtaining a complete two dimensional image for a chosen wavenumber, which represents a molecule, by illuminating a whole area to be analyzed. The entire sample can be done by defocusing the laser beam. Simple defocusing of the laser beam, however, will generate uneven distribution of laser intensity as a Gaussian distribution with a maximum at the beam center and very low intensity near the beam edge. Special optical arrangement of the objective and condenser lenses in a Raman microscope can be used to eliminate this problem. * Figure 9.33 shows an example of Raman imaging with a direct-image method. The image of the epoxy film reveals the rubber particles in the epoxy matrix. The rubber exhibiting a Raman scattering at 1665 cm?1 generates the image contrast. The