动词被动语态用法讲解.docVIP

一、概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。 She typed a letter. (主动，主语She是type动作的执行者) A letter was typed by her.（被动，主语A letter是typed动作的承受者） Granny takes care of the girl. (主动，主语Granny是take care of动作的执行者) The girl is taken care of by Granny. （被动，主语The girl是take care of动作的承受者） 二、被动语态 1、被动语态的概述 被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。 Farming tools are being sent to the countryside. 农具正运往农村。 He had been invited to teach at a university there.他被邀请在那儿的一所大学任教。 2、构成 其构成为“be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词see为例列表如下： 式 时 ? 一般式 ? 进行式 ? 完成式 现在时 am is???? seen are am is??being seen are has been seen have 过去时 was seen were was being seen were ? had been seen 将来时 shall seen will ? shall have been seen will 过去将来时 should be seen would ? should have been seen would 注意：含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时，由“情态动词（can, may must, have to等）+be +动词的-ed形式。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时，其构成为“be going to （be to, used to, be about to）+ be +动词的-ed形式”构成。 巧记：被动特点强调宾（语）， 用be加上过去分（词），行为对象做主语，逻辑主语by引。 I need one more stamp before my collection is completed . 我的邮集还需要一张邮票就完成了。（一般现在时被动语态） - Ive been told the sports meet might be put off.有人告诉我说运动会可能延期举行。(现在完成时的被动态) -Yes, it all depends on the weather. 是，这完全看天气而定。 The water will be further polluted unless some measures are taken. 如果不采取措施该地区的水污染会更加严重。（一般将来时的被动语态） I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 给了我五分钟时间来决定是否接受这些馈赠。（一般过去时态的被动语态） If city noises are not kept from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at dinner table 20 years from now如果不阻止城市噪音污染扩大，从现在算起20年后，即使人们在餐桌边吃饭时也必须大喊才能听得见。（一般现在时被动语态的否定） He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。（含有情态动词的被动语态） The life of the milu is being studied there. 在那里正进行着对麋鹿生活习惯的研究。(现在进行时的被动语态) He said that the books would be given to the students.他说这些书将发给学生。(过去将来时的被动态) 巧记：被动不离“be”“p.p.”，主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意，“进行”易漏一个“be”。 3、被动语态的使用范围 （1）不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，