交通工程学：11-TrafficStream课程.pdfVIP

Traffic Stream Characteristics 交通流特性 2015-05-20 Purpose Understand the inherent variability and define normal ranges of behavior Key parameters like flow rate, speed, density are used Traffic engineers will analyze, evaluate, and ultimately plan improvements in traffic facilities based on such parameters and their knowledge of normal ranges of behavior Types of facilities Uninterrupted flow （连续流设施） Freeway, sections of highway Interrupted flow （间断流设施） Intersections The major difference between uninterrupted flow and interrupted flow is the impact of time 连 续 流 转 变 为 间 断 流 的 例 子 Traffic stream parameters Macroscopic parameters Volume or flow rate, speed, density （3个重要宏观参数：流量、速度、密度） Microscopic parameters speed of individual vehicle headway （车头时距） spacing （车头间距） Volume and rate of flow Traffic volume 流量 Rate of flow 流率 Daily volumes Average annual daily traffic (AADT) Average annual weekday traffic (AAWT) Average daily traffic (ADT) Average weekday traffic (AWT) Hourly volumes Design and operational purpose Peak hour Directional design hour volume (DDHV) Where: K=proportion of daily traffic occurring during the peak hour D= proportion of peak hour traffic traveling in the peak direction of flow General ranges for K and D factors Facility type K-Factor D-Factor Rural 0.15-0.25 0.65-0.80 Suburban 0.12-0.15 0.55-0.65 Urban radial route 0.07-0.12 0.55-0.60 Urban circumferential route