交通工程学：2-RoadUserVehicle课程.pdfVIP

Road user and vehicle characteristics 2015-03-11 Critical System Components 交通系统的关键要素  Road users （道路使用者） – Drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, passengers  Vehicles （车辆）  Street and highways （城市道路和公路）  Traffic control devices （交通控制设施）  The general environment Dealing with diversity Figure 3-1 Brake reaction times from a study of 321 drivers. [Used with permission of Institute of Transportation Engineers, from S. Hulbert, Human Factors in Transportation,“ Transportation and Traffic Engineering Handbook, p. 216. Copyright © 1982 Institute of Transportation Engineers.] Addressing diversity through uniformity Traffic engineers have little control over driver and vehicle characteristics Designing uniform roadways and traffic control devices is in the core of traffic engineering professional practice Driver Rumar: “Driver is an outdated human with stone-age characteristics and performance who is controlling a fast, heavy machine in an environment packed with unnatural, artificial signs and signals.” K. Rumar, Impacts on road design of the human factors and information system, proceedings of the 9th international road federation meeting (Stockholm: IRF,1981), pp.31-49 Driver characteristics Visual acuity factors Reaction process Visual characteristics of drivers Static visual acuity （静视力） Other visual factors in the driving task  Accommodation  Depth perception  Adaptation  Dynamic visual acuity  Angular movement  Eye movement  Movement in depth