新高考英语语法三轮复习[71] 动词不定式（含练习与答案）.pdfVIP

2021届衡水中学新高考英语 语法三轮复习讲义 [71] 动词不定式 动词不定式除了不可以做谓语以外，什么成分都可以做，毕竟它是动词， 所以有动词的属性。 动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法 上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动 者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语. 一、动词不定式的时态和语态： 主动式 被动式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing ———— 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing ———— (1)语态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式 一般要用被动语态形式。如： Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party. （不定式作 主语） It was impossible for lost time to be made up. （不定式作主语） I wish to be sent to work in the country. （不定式作宾语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired? （不定式作定语） He went to the hospital to be examined. （不定式作状语） 在There be 结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如： There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有 时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.(We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.) (2)时态 1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生， 有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 我希望再见 到你。 2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行时： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 疑问词＋不定式结构 疑问词 who, what, which, when, where, whether,how 后可接不定式构 成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如： ①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. ②Mr.Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. 以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如： ①When we shall leave… ③…how I could learn… 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider, decide, discover,explain, find out, forget,