大气污染控制工程：Lecture 2Air_Pollution_Effects.pptVIP

traffic accident * * Mount Everest 喜马拉雅山主峰之一，中国称珠穆朗玛峰 Concorde cruises 协和式分机 民航飞机的飞行高度层　　中型以上的民航飞机都在高空飞行，此处的高空是指海拔7000——12000米的空间。在这个空间以1千米为1个高度层，共分为6个高度层：7千米、8千米、9千米、1万米、1万1千米和1万2千米。高空飞行的飞机只允许飞以上给定高空。 运输飞机一般在7000米以上飞行，那里复杂天气现象少，并尽可能在平流层巡航。个别高空战斗机或侦察机可以在同温层巡航。航天飞机可以飞入电离层。 * * Air Pollution Effects Lecture 2 Air Pollution Effects Ⅰ Effects on Human Health Ⅱ Effects on Properties Ⅲ Effects on Visibility Ⅳ Effects on Global Warming (Chapter 14) Ⅴ Effects on Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Ⅰ Effects on Human Health Air Pollutants Criteria Pollutants Sulfur oxides (SOx) Fine particulate matter(细颗粒污染物PM10, PM2.5) Carbon monoxide (CO) Ozone （臭氧） Nitrogen dioxide （NO2） hazardous air pollutants Asbestos （石棉粉尘） Benzene （苯） Berylium （铍尘） Coke oven emissions （焦炉废气） Inorganic arsenic （无机砷） Mercury （汞） Radionuclides （放射性粉尘） Vinyl chloride （氯乙烯） ………… Two Types Effects on Human Health Long-term, low-concentration exposures Short-term, high-concentration exposures Acute Effects Industrial accidents The most common air pollution harmful effects dose- response curve Ⅰ Effects on Human Health dose-response curve Dosage Dosage = C -------- concentration of pollutants t --------- exposure time Dose-response curve Dose(Concentration) Response(Harmful effects) No-threshold threshold Ⅰ Effects on Human Health Threshold Definition Threshold value represents conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed day after day , without adverse effect. Biological Mechanism Air pollutants Human body Harmless degradation products Harmful degradation products Ⅰ Effects on Human Health Animal experiment (white mouse) Laboratory experiments with humans Epidemiological studies of human populations Biological Mechanism Ⅰ Effects on Human Health Ⅱ Effects on Properties Acid Deposition Acid Deposition is the accumulati