大气污染控制工程：Lecture 4 Air pollution Measurements.pptVIP

NMHCs FRM – Gas Chromatography - FID Time Intensity Generate an electronic signal when a gas other than the carrier gas elutes from the column. In FID, hydrocarbons burn in a hydrogen flame. GC-Detector: Stationary and mobile phases * * NMHC FID – Flame Ionization Detection: Combustion of organic substances Positive ions (+) and electrons (-) are formed when burned – change in current, and detected electronically * * Mass sensitive rather than concentration sensitive Pollutant FRM defines the pollutant In ambient air, SO2 is defined as that material which is detected by the FRM of SO2 (West-Gaeke method). However, in a powerplant stack SO2 is defined as that material that is detected by ‘Method 6’. * * Particulate Pollutants http://www.recetox.muni.cz/images/airsag/PM10.jpg PM10 sampler with size-selective inlet Impaction and filtration are the primary PM collection principles Measure the weight of exposed and clean filters High-volume sampler (Hi-Vol) Typical sampling duration – 24 h PM10 Sampler Remove particles 10 μm by impaction on a greased surface Particles 10 μm collected on a quartz glass fiber filter What does the PM10 sampler measure? Number or mass concentration of particles? * * Dichotomous Sampler http://crac.ucc.ie/images/sampler1.jpg How can a Dichotomous sampler measure coarse (PM2.5-10) and fine (PM2.5) particles? TEOM Series 1400abAmbient Particulate Monitor Thermo Electron Co. Equivalent method: TEOM Measure PM10, PM2.5, TSP Tapered element oscillating microbalance Real-time measurement of particle mass collected on a filter * * Cascade Impactor How can we collect different sizes of particles using cascade impactor? Aerosol flow In Clean air out * * Source Sampling and Monitoring Stack Sampling of PM Probe inserted into the stack Temperature sensor Pitot tube – gas velocity and flow rate Two-module sampling unit Isokinetic Sampling Particles – inertial forces Samples must be collected at the same rate of low as the stack gas * * What’s the us