范微观经济学现代观点课件ch1455.pptxVIP

Chapter Fourteen;Structure;Monetary Measures of Gains-to-Trade;How can such gains-to-trade be measured? Three such measures are: Consumer’s Surplus Equivalent Variation （等价变换）, and Compensating Variation （补偿变换）. Only in one special circumstance do these three measures coincide.;Reservation Price;Reservation Price;Generally, if she already has n-1 gallons of gasoline then rn denotes the most she will pay for an nth gallon. rn is the dollar equivalent of the marginal utility of the nth gallon.;r1 + … + rn will be the dollar equivalent of the total change to utility from consuming n gallons of ga