不定式的用法.docxVIP

不定式的用法 不定式作主语： To talk with him is a great pleasure. 一般情况下，不定式（短语） 作主语时， 通常用形式主语“it” 代替. It is a great pleasure to talk with him. 但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用 It is… to…的句型。另外， 这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。例如： To see is to believe. (主表一致) 不定式作表语：不定式作表语时常常表将来 不定式可放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。不定式作宾语： 不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want; hope; wish; ask; choose; decide; manage; offer; promise; refuse; seek; pretend; learn; afford; need… 不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有： ready; eager; sure; glad; anxious; sorry; afraid; free; pleased; willing 等 注意: 此外还要注意一些特殊疑问词+不定式的形式（如：what to do, where to go ），作 tell, ask, know, show 等动词的宾语。 I don’t know what to do. 不定式作宾语补足语： I asked him to come to my office. 注意: 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往be，不定式一般可以省去。例如： consider; find; believe; think; declar（e 例如： 声称）; appoint; guess; fancy（设想）; judge; imagine; know We believe him (to be) guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去） 有些动词可以跟 there +to be 的结构。例如： believe; expect; intend; like; love; mean; prefer; want; wish; understand 等例如： We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。 注意不定式的省略 ①hear, see, watch, notice 等感官动词后的省略 ②have, let, make 三个使役动词后的省略 这两类省略的不定式一旦变成被动语态，不定式要补充完整. I saw him steal the wallet. He was seen to steal the wallet. 不定式动词在介词 but, except, besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to, 否则要带 to。 She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go. 不定式作定语： 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如： I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。 There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。 其他常考的形式还有 chance, opportunity, way, time, the only 和序数词及类似序数词的词 ( 如 the last )及 there be 句型。 The chance to survive is very limited. He is the first to come and the last to go. There is no one to talk with. 不定式作状语： 目的状语 (in order to, so as to) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 结果状语 He hurried to the school to find nobody there. 原因状语 We were very excited to hear the news. 条件状语 To look at him, you