英语发展史_教学课件 Part 2Modern_English_and_the_Future_of_English.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1824 British took Rangoon, Burma (Myanmar). 1825 Trade Unions legalized. / The world’s first public passenger railway opened. 1829 In Britain, the Catholic Emancipation Act gave Catholics civil rights. / Sir Robert Peel formed the first modern police force. 1832 Britain occupied the Falkland Islands. 1833 Slavery was abolished (almost) throughout the British Empire. / Factory Act prohibited children aged less than 9 from working in factories. Political, Economic and Military Factors 1837 Queen Victoria (r.1837-1901) ascended the throne. Population in London grew from 2 million and 6.5 million. 1838 Publication of the People’s Charter. / Regular Atlantic steamship service began. 1839 Start of the First Opium War (1839-1842). 1840 New Zealand became an official colony. 1842 Hong Kong was ceded to Great Britain. 1851 The Great Exhibition was held. / Population of the UK reached 21 million, about half of all citizens in Britain lived in rural communities. (28% in 1891, and only 22% in 1911.) Political, Economic and Military Factors 1854 Britain and France defeated the Russians in the Crimean War. 1856 The Second Opium War began (1856-1860). 1861 British Colony founded in Nigeria. 1867 South African diamond fields discovered. 1875 A law banned the practice of sending small boys up chimneys to clean them. From then on one had to be over 21 to clean a chimney that way. / The third Public Health Act was passed. Conditions in towns and cities were slowly getting better. From 1870s onwards Britain had become the world’s banker. Political, Economic and Military Factors In the 1870s and 1880s networks of sewers were dug and water pipes were laid. Gaslight became common even in the poorest homes. 1880 First Anglo-Boer war. 1882 Women were allowed to buy, own, and sell property, and to keep their own earnings. 1884 Papua New Guinea became British protectorate. 1889 Unskilled workers were forming successful tr