园艺植物生物技术第七章.pptxVIP

; Genetic Engineering also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organisms genome using biotechnology、  New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism、 Genes may be removed, or knocked out, using a nuclease、 Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous rebination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations、;An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism (GMO)、 The first GMOs were bacteria in 1973、 Genetically modified crops (GMCs, GM crops)、The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1982, using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant、 The first genetically modified crop approved for sale in the U、S、, in 1994, was the FlavrSavr tomato, which had a longer shelf life、;7、1 Instrumental Enzyme of Gene Engineering;7、1、1 Restriction Endonuclease;TypeⅡendonuclease;Isoschizomers(同裂酶):指来源不同,但识别相同靶序列的核酸内切酶。 如:HpaⅡ和MspⅠ是一对同裂酶 (CCGG) Isocaudarner(同尾酶):指来源不同、识别靶序列不同但产生相同的粘性末端的核酸内切酶。 BamHⅠ BclⅠ G GATC C T GATC A C CTAG G A CTAG T;7、1、2 DNA ligase(DNA连接酶);7、1、3 DNA polymerase;7、1、4 Other DNA-modifying enzymes;7、2 Vectors(载体);7、2、1 Plasmids(质粒);(4363bp);pUC Vectors;7、2、2 λ phage(噬菌体) vector;;7、2、3 Cosmid(柯斯质粒) vectors;COSmid pHC79 is 4、3kb DNA fragment and made of pBR322 and cos site of λphage、 Insection DNA fragment more than 40kb。;7、2、4 Artificial chromosome vectors;Structure of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), used for cloning large fragments of donor DNA、 CMR is a selectable marker for chloramphenicol resistance、 oriS, repE, parA, and parB are F genes for replication and regulation of copy number、 cosN is the cos site from l pha